From bobdehilster at verizon.net Mon May 2 13:14:13 2011 From: bobdehilster at verizon.net (Robert De hilster) Date: Mon, 2 May 2011 10:14:13 -0700 (PDT) Subject: [Members] [Gravity] Force In-Reply-To: References: Message-ID: <992411.76023.qm@web84207.mail.re3.yahoo.com> Hello Nainan In the physical world, two objects in uniform motion can interact causing the motion of both objects to change. There is no need to introduce the idea of force. When we observe an object whose motion is changing, and there is no obvious?agent causing that change, then Newton introduces the idea of force. This value of force?is?the Newton and is defined by Newton's second principle. The kilogram is an assigned value, the meter has an assigned length, and the second has an assigned interval. Hence the unit of force is an assigned value. If both objects are known there is no need to infer a force.? There are various agents that can cause the motion of an object to change. There?are magnetic, electrostatic , and mechanical agents, and more. If we know the true nature of these agents of motion, there would be no need to use the idea of force. Force is a useful tool when the agent causing motion is unknown. Bob de Hilster ________________________________ From: Nainan To: gravity at worldsci.org; relativity at worldsci.org; members at worldnpa.org Sent: Mon, May 2, 2011 8:31:45 AM Subject: [Gravity] Force Dear all, ? Force is usually considered as an influence that causes a matter body to undergo a change in its state of motion or shape. ? Force is the result of a physical effort. ?The ?Standard Model? predicts that exchanged particles called ?gauge bosons? are the fundamental means by which forces are emitted and absorbed?. (Quoted from ?wikipedia.org?). Although ?gauge bosons? are undefined and without physical structures, transfer and reception of these particles appear as physical actions. This ascribes certain physical and mystical qualities to force that make it a real entity. ? ?Quantum theories? consider ?force? as a redundant notion, resulting from momenta of virtual particles. Virtual particles can live and act only in rational minds. They cannot take part in any physical action. ?Relativity theories? consider ?force? as a superfluous entity arising from conservation of momentum, which may be derived from properties of space. In ?quantum theories? and ?relativity theories?, idea of ?momentum? is usually considered more fundamental than the concept of ?force?. Thus ?force? becomes a non-entity that is better understood as a sort of ?interaction?. ? In ?classical (Newtonian) physics?, ?Force? is defined as a product of (constant) mass of a body multiplied by its acceleration. (F=ma) It is a mathematical relation between two functional entities. Even while a physical effort on a matter body exists, magnitude of ?force? may reduce to zero by absence of either mass or acceleration of the matter body. ?Force? appears to be a mathematical relation between two properties of a matter body and its magnitude may vary between positive values to zero, without a change in its matter content. A mathematical relation is a functional entity. Functional entities cannot perform physical actions. ? ?Classical physics? defines ?force? in another manner also. ?Force? is defined as the rate of ?work-done? on (energy transferred to) a matter body with respect to its displacement. (F=W/d). It is the space-derivative of energy. Here, even while a physical effort on a matter body exists, magnitude of ?force?, depending on the magnitudes of ?work-done? on and displacement of the matter body may vary between zero and infinity. Rate is a mathematical relation and hence a functional entity. Functional entities cannot perform physical actions. ? All actions in nature are caused, initiated and accomplished by ?work?. ?Work? is usually tangible in terms of change of state of motion or of change in shape of a macro body. Since ?work-done? on or about a macro body does not make any change in the body?s matter content or parameters of its fundamental particles, the ?work-done? on a macro body has to exist outside the body?s matter particles but in close association with them. Universal medium is the only place, which can accommodate ?work? outside a macro body?s matter particles but in close association with them. ?Work?, being physical changes in universal medium about a macro body, is a physical entity. Physical entities are real and they can accomplish real action on matter bodies. Therefore, it is logical to consider ?work? as the real and primary entity and ?force? as one of its aspect. As given above, mathematical relation between magnitude of ?work-done? about a macro body and its displacement (causing changes of state of motion or shape) in absolute terms, during the ?work? is being accomplished, is the ?force?. (F=W/d). Magnitude of ?force? is determined as the rate of ?work-done?. Under action of an effort, magnitude of ?force? can become zero only in the absence of ?work? and it may never reach infinite proportion. ? I will appreciate comments from learned members on these observations. ? With regards, Nainan -- * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * All physical phenomena, related to matter, are logically explained by 'Hypothesis on MATTER'. http://www.matterdoc.info -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: